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很多人翻譯英文財經新聞都會頭疼。那些關于國家宏觀經濟數據，或股市大盤分析以及企業股價高低變化的描述，看起來真費力。
升與降，高與低
英文詞語中關于經濟數據下跌的描述有很多種，如fall, drop, be lower, slip等，更為嚴重的還有plummet和collapse等。
微跌：slip, drop, down
Chinese stocks slipped in early trade, with Shanghai stocks dropping 0.7% and Hong Kong's Hang Seng down 1%.
中國股市在早盤出現微跌。上證指數跌了0.7%，而香港恒生指數跌了1%。
Shares closed Friday at $74.73, down 0.5% on the day, 28% for the year to date and 20% for the past 52 weeks.
周五股價報收74.73美元，當日跌幅0.5%，今年迄今位置跌幅28%，過去52周跌幅20%。
跌幅較大：plummet, collapse
The FTSE fell 1% while the Dow Jones plummeted 250 points and the price of Brent crude dropped to almost $48.5 a barrel, its lowest point this year.
英國富時指數（FISE）下跌1%，道瓊斯指數（Dow Jones）暴跌250點（約至17000點），而布倫特原油價格則跌至每桶48.5美元，創下年內最低。
達到某一數值，用介詞to連接
Japan's Nikkei 225 fell 1.8% to 18,743.83 and Hong Kong's Hang Seng dropped 1.0% to 22,420.89.
日本產經指數225下跌了1.8%，至18743.83點，香港恒生指數下跌了1%，至22420.89點。
表達增減的幅度，用介詞by連接
After sizzling growth over the last couple of quarters, shares of Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba's(BABA) have fallen by over 16% over the past six months, with investors getting out after the company's most recent quarter.
中國電商巨頭阿里巴巴的股價經歷幾個季度的高速增長后在過去的六個月內下跌了16%，股民們都在最近一個月內撤資。
表示增減的具體數字：lose/gain
The Dow fell for the first time in seven days Tuesday, losing 49 points to 17,081. The S&P 500lost 13 to 2003. The S&P has rebounded smartly, gaining about 7% since retesting its August low on Sept. 28.
13日，道瓊斯指數七日內首次下跌，收市報17081點，下跌了49點。標普500指數報收2003點，下跌了13點。自9月28日再一次跌至8月低值后，標普指數迅速回升并上漲7%。
Companies in the financial sector are expected to show an average 7.5% earnings gain, according to Thomson Reuters. The worst sectors are expected to be energy with a 65% earnings decline and materials, with earnings off by 20%. Consumer discretionary and telecom are seen to be the biggest gainers, with earnings growth of about 11% each.
據湯森路透報道，金融行業的企業盈利收益率將達到平均7.5%，最糟糕的行業是能源行業，預計利潤減少65%，而材料行業的利潤下降20%。非必需消費品和電信行業的盈收益率最大，預計各將上漲接近11%。
同比
在財經詞語中，同比是指與上一自然年度（或財年）的同一時期（如月或季度）相比較而得得出的增長或下降的比率。
通常，表示同比時，可以用以下表達：
from the same period last year
compared to the previous year
from a year earlier
year-on-year
例句
The Hangzhou-based company reported revenue of $3.27 billion for its June quarter, an increase of 28% from the same period last year, down from a 40% year-on-year revenue increase in the previous quarter.
阿里巴巴第一財季營收32.7億美元，同比增長28%，較上一季度40%的增長有所下降。
The company's latest filing with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission reveals that the "average selling price" for the iPhone increased by 11% in 2015 compared to the previous year.
蘋果在向美國證券交易委員會提交的文件中顯示，2015年，iPhone 的"平均售價"同比上漲了11%。
Industrial output in September rose 5.7% from a year earlier, compared with economists’ median estimate of 6%.
九月，工業產值同比增長5.7%，經濟學家預計的中位數為6%。
連續上漲和下滑
表示連續性的增長或下降，可以consecutive 或 in a row 以及in a straight months/years。另外，也可以直接用類似 a 17-month low/high的表達方式。 例如：
Food prices fell by 2.5% in the year to September in the wake of continued supermarket price wars. This means that prices in the sector fell for the 15th month in a row.
由于超市價格戰，9月份食品價格下跌2.5%。這意味著食品行業價格連續15個月下滑。
Spain's economy shrank for a seventh consecutive quarter between January and March as domestic demand slumped.
由于國內需求暴跌，西班牙經濟在第一季度出現連續七個季度的萎縮。
Today Microsoft announced that for the 25th consecutive month, its Xbox 360 console was the best selling device in its class.
微軟在今天宣布其Xbox 360持續25月在同類產品中實現銷售第一。
Pound weakened against both the euro and the dollar, nearing a 17-month low against the dollar of $1.5188 and slipping 0.2% lower against the euro.
英磅兌換歐元和美元走弱，美元的匯率接近17個月來的最低，為1：1.5188，與歐元的匯率則下跌了2%。
峰值和低谷
在某種趨勢（momentum）達到了最高或是最低時，通常用highest或lowest來表示。
最低點：lowest 或 lowest level
Meanwhile, petrol prices fell by 3.7p per litre over the year, and diesel prices - at 110.2p per litre - are at their lowest in close to six years. There was also a fall in the price of household gas.
同時，汽油價格在過去的一年每升下跌3.7便士，柴油價格每升降至110.2便士，均接近六年來最低值。家用天然氣價格也出現下跌。
The Purchasing Managers UK Services PMI slipped to 55.8 in December, down from 58.6 in November, marking its lowest level since May.
英國服務業PMI指數從（2014年）11月的58.6下跌至12月的55.8，是五月以來最低點。
最高值/記錄：用high、the highest或record high/level來表示。看例句，注意相關的動詞搭配，
The stock has shed almost 45% since notching a high of $119.15 back in November.
與2014年11月接近119.15美元的高點相比，股價暴跌了45%。
Goldman's shares, which hit their highest since May 2008 on Wednesday, were down 0.3% at $200.53 in afternoon trading amid questions about whether the results were sustainable.
4月15日上午，高盛的股價漲至自2008年5月以來新高，隨后下午降至每股200.53美金（降0.3個百分點），人們紛紛議論這個結果是否維持得下去。
The Dow Jones Industrial Average surged to a new record level Tuesday, closing well above a peak set before the US economy entered a recession in 2007.
道瓊斯平均工業指數在周二達到新高，收盤時超過美國在2007年進入衰退前的最高指數。
描述增減的常用詞匯
表示增加
to add
(to be) up
to build up
to climb
to come up
to enhance
to gain
to go up
to grow
to increase
to push up
to rise
表示增長幅度很大
to jump 躍升
to rocket 猛增
to shoot up 猛增
to surge 大幅度上升
表示減少
(to be) down
to bring down
to come down
to cut
to decline
to descend
to drop
to fall
to do down
to lessen
to lower
to reduce
to retreat
to slide
to slow down.
表示減少的幅度很大
to plummet
to plunge
to collapse
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